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Article #159: The History of European Furniture

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Different countries produce different ornamented with shells and scrollwork and
types of woods. And produces different similar patterns, and until one grows
type of furniture each unique in their accustomed to it, the dictionary
own styles. And the development of these definition of 'tastelessly florid or
different styles of wood products was ornate' may often be thought to apply. To
also due to the encouragements from their our eyes it is noticeable principally for
rulers and influential people. a generous use of curved. lines, and an
Furniture made on the mainland of Europe 'unbalanced' look. Out of its elaborate
varied from country to country, but both setting there is no doubt that Louis XV
craftsmen and ideas were interchanged furniture appears very showy, but when it
from time to time. Local tastes and the is seen in the rooms for which it was
use of local timbers often played a part designed it takes its place unobtrusively
in creating a fashion that spread in the decorative scheme.
eventually from east to west. There is no The French had a liking during the
space here to deal with the detailed eighteenth century for small tables and
history of the subject in each individual cabinets, chests of drawers (called
land, but some general notes may be commodes), large writing tables with
helpful. French furniture, having leather-covered tops having a row of
attained a worldwide interest and drawers beneath and tall legs, and
importance, is described at greater upright cabinets with drop-down fronts
length. concealing a writing space. Veneering was
France the usual decoration, aided by parquetry
French furniture of the sixteenth and and marquetry set off with ormolu
seventeenth centuries is not greatly mountings. When compared with the
different from that made elsewhere in sophisticated outside appearance, most of
Europe at those dates. However, the the pieces exhibit very rough finishing
principal wood used in England was oak, of the woodwork not usually seen, and a
but in France it was walnut, which was glance at the inside or underneath of a
plentiful there. Just as many foreign piece will prove this.
workers came to London, so did others to Many of the small tables and cabinets are
Paris; it is almost impossible to supported on delicately curved cabriole
distinguish an Italian-made cabinet from legs so slight that it is a wonder they
one made in France by an Italian can stand without breaking. Chests of
craftsman. It was not until the end of drawers always have a slab of colored
the seventeenth century that French marble as the top, and many other pieces
furniture gained its recognizable are similarly finished. Chairs and
distinction. The first to give his name settees were carved usually of
to a style there was Andre Charles Boulle beech-wood, sometimes finished with
(1642-1732), who perfected marquetry, gilding and sometimes painted in pale
originating in Italy, employing colors. Mirror-frames were gilt, and are
tortoiseshell and brass which was used often very like English ones of the same
mostly on furniture veneered with ebony. date.
This is known now either as Boulle or Different countries used different types
Buhl work, and the majority of it that of woods. In England they mostly used the
has survived was made in Victorian times, oak, but in France it was walnut, which
or later. Old work of the eighteenth was plentiful there. Some time the
century is very valuable ($3,000 to cabinet made in Italia and France are
$6,000 for a piece would not be difficult to distinguish from one
considered extraordinary), but the another. There were great differences in
nineteenth-century copies fetch a tenth their price tags as well with their
or so of this. production ages. Monarch Louis XV
Louis XV extravagant furniture designs known as
This monarch has his name coupled with Rococo. He designs different styles of
the most extravagant of furniture furniture with different types of woods
designs, known as Rococo; a style that that suits his tastes.
spread throughout Europe. The term means






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