| Samba is one of the most popular forms of music | | | | Noel Rosa and the law student Ari Barroso Ari |
| and dance in Brazil. Moreover, It is widely viewed as | | | | Barroso is famous for composing ''Tarzan, the son of |
| Brazil's national musical style. The name semba (please | | | | the taylor '' and ''Aquarela do Brasil''. |
| note the difference in spelling) most probably comes | | | | With the radio other talented people like Francisco |
| from the Afro Brazilian "lundu"( XVIII century), also | | | | Alves, Orlando Silva and Carmen Miranda became |
| known as umbigada or batuque: a mixture of African | | | | great samba idols in Brazil. |
| rhythym brought from the slaves of Angola who | | | | In 1929, a group of musicians led by Ismael Silva |
| lived in Bahia state. | | | | founded the first Samba School, Deixa Falar, in the |
| When the slaves were transferred to Vale do | | | | neighborhood of Estácio de Sá. They |
| Paraíba (XIX century) to work on coffee | | | | transformed the musical genre to make it better fit |
| plantations, they brought the semba with them. They | | | | the carnival parade. In this decade, the radio spread |
| later moved to the National Capital; Rio de Janeiro, | | | | the genre's popularity all around the country, and with |
| and after the abolition of slavery semba gained its | | | | the support of the nationalist dictatorip; |
| own identity and gained rapid mainstream growth. | | | | Getúlio Vargas, samba became Brazil's "official |
| Whilst living in the carioca (carioca is a person from | | | | music". |
| Rio) districts of Gamboa and Saúde the freed | | | | In the following years, samba has developed in |
| slaves introduced the African rhythym semba to | | | | several directions, from the gentle |
| Royalty. It used to be danced in the houses of | | | | samba-canção to the drum orchestras |
| Bahia's black ladies like Amélia, Ciata and | | | | which make the soundtrack of carnival parade. One |
| Prisciliana.This rhythym soon developed into what we | | | | of these new styles was the bossa nova, made by |
| know today as Samba, mixing with polca, maxixe and | | | | middle class white people. It got increasingly popular |
| xote. | | | | over time, with the works of João Gilberto and |
| The title "samba school" ("escola de samba") | | | | Antônio Carlos Jobim. In the sixties, Brazil was |
| originates from samba's formative years. The term | | | | politically divided, and the leftist musicians of bossa |
| was adopted by larger groups of samba performers | | | | nova started to gather attention to the music made |
| in an attempt to lend acceptance of samba and its | | | | in the favelas. Many popular artists were discovered |
| performance; local campuses were often the practice | | | | at this time. Names like Cartola, Nelson Cavaquinho, |
| performance grounds for these musicians and | | | | Zé Keti and Clementina de Jesus recorded |
| "escola" gave early performers a sense of legitimacy | | | | their first albums. |
| and organization to offset samba's somewhat | | | | In the seventies, the samba got back on the radio |
| controversial social atmosphere. | | | | waves. Composers and singers like Martinho da Vila, |
| "Pelo Telefone" (1917), by Donga (Ernesto dos | | | | Clara Nunes and Beth Carvalho dominated the hit |
| Santos) and Mauro Almeida, is generally considered | | | | parade. |
| the first samba recording. Its great success carried | | | | In the beginning of the eighties, after having been |
| the new genre outside the black ghettos. Who | | | | sent underground due to styles like disco and Brazilian |
| created the music is uncertain, but it was most | | | | rock, Samba reappeared in the media with a musical |
| probably the work of the group around Tia Ciata, | | | | movement created in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro. |
| among them Pixinguinha, João da Baiana, Mauro | | | | It was the pagode, a renewed samba, with new |
| de Almeida e Sinhô (José Barbosa da | | | | instruments, like the banjo and the tantan, and a new |
| Silva- known as the King of Samba). This song was | | | | language, more popular, filled with slang. The most |
| really created in a "roda de partido alto" by a group | | | | popular names were Zeca Pagodinho, Almir Guineto, |
| of high quality samba composers. | | | | Grupo Fundo de Quintal, Jorge Aragão, and |
| After the recording, Samba conquered the | | | | Jovelina Pérola Negra. |
| phonographic market and with the inauguration of the | | | | Their typical instruments are: repinique, caixa, surdo, |
| radio in 1922 the music would reach the middle | | | | chocalho, agogô, pandeiro. |
| classes in Rio.and the new style brought the talents | | | | Nowadays, samba is still one of the most popular |
| of middle class composers like the medical student | | | | musical genres in Brazil. |